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THE CONTRIBUTION NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT TO FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are any product or service other than timber that is produced in forests. They include fruits and nuts, vegetables, fish and game, medicinal plants, resins, essences and a range of barks and fibres such as bamboo, rattans, and a host of other palms and grasses. On-Timber forest products play a vital role in livelihood of people in & around the forest [1]. Non – Timber forest products (NTFPs) comprise medicinal plants, dyes, mushroom, fruits, resins, bark, roots and tubers, leaves, flowers, seeds, honey and so on Lacuna-Richman C . NTFPs (also called as “minor forest products” in national income accounting system) are source of food and livelihood security for communities living in and around forest. They are also known as Non-wood, secondary, special or specialty forest products [3]. According to FAO, NTFPs defined as “all goods for commercial, industrial or subsistence use derived from forest and their biomass”. At global level, more than two billion people are dwelling in forest, depending on NTFPs for subsistence, income and livelihood security [4]. NTFPs are considered to be important for sustaining rural livelihoods, reducing rural poverty, biodiversity conservation, and facilitating rural economic growth.
An estimated 80 % of the population of the developing world uses NWFP to meet some of their health and nutritional needs FAO. It is an important source of income for the poor in many developing countries. In addition, several opportunities for improved rural development are linked to NTFPs [5]. NTFPs are important forest products especially in dry land areas where they form alternative sources of livelihoods. They also contribute to poverty alleviation through generation of income providing food and improved nutrition, medicine and foreign exchange earnings Chikamai. There is therefore a growing awareness of the contributions of NTFPs to household economies, food security, national economies and conservation of biodiversity. Non-Timber Forest Products provide food, medicines, fibres and cash income for rural households. The importance of non-timber forest products goes beyond meeting basic needs since the products are also among the rapidly growing markets sectors. Future development of NTFPs offers potentials for increasing income, expanding opportunities and diversifying enterprises in rural areas. People all over the world have been living on NTFPs because these come in a variety of items namely: food, forage, roughage, medicine, fuel, fibers, tannin, resin soils, spices and a host of others. The forest is the major source of their livelihood and subsistence by providing them a variety of NTFPs. There has been renewed interest in the development of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as an instrument for sustainable rural development. In this paper, NTFPs can be defined as forest products other than timber, such as vegetable, mushroom, palm fruit, locust-bean, mango fruit, orange fruit, guinea pepper, honey, gums, palm wine, etc
Non-timber forest products constitute an important source of livelihood for millions of people across the world. The NTFPs form alternative sources of livelihood, contribute to poverty alleviation through generation of income, and foreign exchange earnings [8]. The collection of NonTimber Forest Products (NTFPs) for house construction and household use is also widespread.This is mainly driven by poverty and household food insecurity caused by lack of means to invest in better quality housing and non-wood substitute products
Statement of the Problem and Justification of the Study
One of the difficulties for small-scale collectors who seek to commercialize NTFPs is that often the markets for these products are relatively complex compared to those for timber and traditional agricultural goods. Prices for NTFPs vary across different locations as well as over time. In addition, buyers also impose different quality control standards. Collectors are frequently rural people who are often poor or landless. All these factors contribute to complexity of NTFP markets leading to the problem of food insecurity by influencing the household income of the people dependent on it. The people dependent on this by enhancing their income and in turn increasing their purchasing power, which creates economic access to food. So far very few studieshave been done in the study area focusing poor situation of tribal economy. This study tries to fulfill this gap by analyzing the contribution of NTFP towards food and livelihood security. they also contribute to poverty alleoovoiation through generation of income, provision of food, medicine and foreign exchange earnings. It has been argued that the importance of NTFPs to household food security and income equals or surpasses; that of other products (i.e. non- NTFPs) yet their worth and potential are rarely quantified.
1.2 Statement of the problem
There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in the contribution non-timber forest product to food security and livelihood
1.3 Objectives of the study
1. Assesses the common NTFPs utilized by household.
2. Examine socio-economic factors influencing household member’s accessibility to NTFPs
3. Evaluate the benefit of NTFPs to household food security and income.
1.4 Research questions
1. What are the common NTFPs utilized by household.
2. What are socio-economic factors influencing household member’s accessibility to NTFPs
3. What are the benefit of NTFPs to household food security and income.
1.5 Research hypothesis
H0: There is no relationship between non timber forest product of food security and livelihood.
H1: There is a relationship between non timber forest product of food security and livelihood.
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