THE EFFECT OF CHANGING RAINFALL PATTERN ON SWIMMING POOL PATRONAGE AMONG HOTELIERS IN PORTHARCOURT

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THE EFFECT OF CHANGING RAINFALL PATTERN ON SWIMMING POOL PATRONAGE AMONG HOTELIERS IN PORTHARCOURT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Swimming pool has been described as a container filled with water intended for swimming or water-based recreation. It can be constructed either above or in the ground, using concrete materials (Eze et al., 2015; Godfrey, 2019). Swimming pools designated for public use are called public pools while private pools are those used exclusively by a few people or in homes. Hot tubs and spas are pools with hot water, used for leisure or rehabilitation and are common in homes, hotels, clubs and massage parlours (Eze et al., 2015). Tourism and hospitality practitioners, fitness centers, health clubs and private clubs often incorporate swimming pools into their businesses as value – added services to capture customers’ interest, boost patronage and quick returns for investment.

Empirical evidence show that about 20% swimmers urinate in swimming pools, 23% of users are worried about the hygiene and sanitation status of the public pools while about 35% of swimmers do not bath before jumping into the pool (Agbagwa and Young-Harry, 2012). Majority of swimmers contaminate pool water with large amounts of microorganisms as a result of various secretions from skins, mouths, noses and throats, urines or by contaminated objects and clothes, making water a possible vehicle for the dissemination of infectious diseases among swimmers (Dirtu et al., 2016). From the skin alone uncountable bacteria are rinsed during swimming and if the water is untreated, these microorganisms will build up and increase the chance of transmission to swimmers (Rabi et al., 2008; Bonadonna and La Rosa, 2019).

Swimming pool contamination can also come from pets especially dogs that occasionally wander around unprotected pools as well as from debris already around the properties. It could also be as result of the direct animal contamination including flying birds (Pesewu et al., 2015). It is therefore, essential to be able to evaluate the risks associated with a pool. The risks associated with pool drowning, impact injuries, physiological, infection and poisoning, toxicities and other conditions that may arise from long-term chemical exposures, contact with, inhalation or ingestion of algal toxins (Eze et al., 2015). In Nigeria and many other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, statistics on water quality of swimming pools are lacking. A lot of attention is given to surface and groundwater quality for drinking purpose by most researchers (Aghoghovwia, 2011; Fovwe et al., 2014; Asadu, 2016).

Currently, there is no data about infections and outbreak of diseases related to swimming pools in hotels in emerging African littoral metropolis of Portharcourt, Delta State, Nigeria. The strategic importance of Portharcourt in the economy of Nigeria as one of the oil producing metropolis and as a destination to many tourists, fun and pleasure seekers as well as investors around the world should have motivated researchers to explore water quality in swimming pools. Stakeholders also appear to ignorantly believe that all is well in Portharcourt in terms of water quality in swimming pools. Compliance, governance and regulatory frameworks concerning the business and operation of swimming pools in the metropolis may also unable to meet with the emerging challenges of water quality. Public health, good sanitation and personal hygiene practices are other challenging issues surrounding water quality in swimming pools.

Statement of the problem

The quality of recreational water in many Nigerian cities cannot be neglected because of the risk and implications to human health. The prime motivation for carrying out this study was deploy the ingenuity offered by water quality index framework to provide a distinct score to the water quality of swimming pools in hotels in Portharcourt metropolis. Water quality index facilitated the transformation of several indicators and their concentration present in a sample into a single value. These water quality index scores consecutively provided far-reaching explanation of the quality of water and its suitability for recreational purposes. One swimming pool water quality was categorized excellent, two were graded good, one each was ranked poor and unsuitable for recreational purpose whereas. The categorization of water quality of hotels’ swimming pools water quality in Portharcourt metropolis was facilitated by the deployment of Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) framework.

Objectives of the study
To understand the impact of changing rainfall pattern on swimming pool patronage among hoteliers in portharcourt.
To understand the relationship between changing rainfall pattern and swimming pool patronage among hoteliers in portharcourt

Research questions
What is the impact of changing rainfall pattern on swimming pool patronage among hoteliers in portharcourt.
What is the relationship between changing rainfall pattern and swimming pool patronage among hoteliers in portharcourt