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THE EFFECT OF LAND USE ACTIVITIES ON THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
Nigeria, like most countries is undergoing a period of rapid urbanization. The level of urbanization in the country rose from 4.8% in 1921 to an estimated 31.7% in 1985(Ogu, 2002). UNICEF (2010) puts Nigeria’s level of urbanization at 50%. The annual growth rate of urban population in Nigeria was 4.1% between 1990 and 2020. Between, 2010- 2030, however, it is expected to be 3.7% (Ogu,2002). The problem of rapid and uncontrolled expansion and its encroachment on city fringe is highly linked with urbanization. According to UN HABITAT (2008), Lagos and Cairo are the first African mega cities. Lagos with an estimated population of over 10million is expected to reach 25million by 2015. This will make it the third largest mega city in the world (Francisco, 2006). This explosion has caused unusual land and demographic pressure directing migration and development towards the immediate peripheral areas. In the last 30years, the explosive urban growth in Lagos has been increasingly spreading northwardly into peripheries that administratively fall within the political boundary of Ogun state (Oloto, et al, 2007). One of such settlements in Ogun state that is at the receiving end of this expansion is Agbado in Ifo Local Government Area. Like in most settlements in different parts of Lagos periphery, invasion leads to uncontrolled and unorganized development.
The interrelationship between health, safety and land use been known for quite a long time, especially with references to the fundamental concept that health and safety is the joint product of land use activity levels. This was why Rimmer (2011), complained that the relationship between health, safety and land use was little explored because transportation geographers got themselves bogged down with network analysis. In recent years, there has been growing concerned in studying the relationship between growth of land use,health and safety in town, metropolis, cities and in urban areas (Onakala, 2010; Sule2012; Vivian, 2013; Duru, Olayemi2011 and Filani, et al., 2011). urban communities and the existence of land use in them is a reflection of socio economic and ecological forces (Main, 2009b). In Urban Zaria area, the growth of Urban Communities is facilitated by increase in populations and accompanied by the growth of different land use. These have led to the arrangement of people’s activities, building and commercial points indifferent locations along the transport routes, which produces different trips on a daily.The concept of land use and it effect on the health and safety of Nigeria environment can be seen from different perspective which ranges from waste management, urban renewal, population control, infrastructural development, urban beautification, construction of high rising building, etc.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
With the continuous use of land over time periods without environmental assessment, it has generated several complicated issues based on uncontrollable measures on the environment due to incompetencies of environment planners and authority. The excessive use of the environment has lead to health and safety issues such as flooding, illness due to uncontrollable waste management, air emissions and ambient air quality, energy conservation, wastewater and ambient water quality, water conservation, hazardous materials management, waste management, noise and contaminated land.
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
1.To determine the effect of land use on health and safety of the environment
2.To find out effective management control of the environment
To find out problems associated with the cause of environmental degradation on health and safety of the environment.
4.Solutions to problems of ineffective management of the environment.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.What is the effect of land use on health and safety of the environment
2.What is the effective management control of the environment
What are the problems associated with the cause of environmental degradation on health and safety of the environment.
4.What are the solutions to problems of ineffective management of the environment.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study will be of great importance to environmental and regional planners, dwellers of the Nigeria environment. The study will give prominent environmental policy on how to solve the issue of environmental degradation and ineffective land use planning e.g. waste management, traffic management etc.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
The study will be aim at analyzing the effect of land use on health and safety of the Nigeria environment.
The scope of this research cover component of land use effect such as air emissions and ambient air quality, energy conservation, wastewater and ambient water quality, water conservation, hazardous materials management, waste management, noise and contaminated land.
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