THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER TO MODERN BANKING IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK INT’L PLC OWERRI

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THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER TO MODERN BANKING IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK INT’L PLC OWERRI

ABSTRACT

This research work is on the Impact of Computer to Modern Banking in Nigeria. A case study of Zenith Int’l Bank

In advanced economies, technology has played a significant role since 1060’s. The role of computer in the financial world and other spheres of life cannot be over-looked and this has made it inevitable as the whole world has been turned into a global village. But in developing economies on the other hand, technology has relatively been poorly deployed in computer services.

In Nigeria, deregulation of the banking industry in 1986 saw banks deploying technology as the chief competitive weapon to achieve significant market shares in the crowded banking industry. This brings a good decision on the other leas to effective performance of managerial functions, which should in turn lead to the attainment of the organization’s goals.

The research used both primary and secondary data from findings. It was observed that about 90% of the banks in Nigeria has improved and agreed that computerization has lead to affective bank performance and have also reduce the cost of running bank services.

In trying to state the impact and problems related to computer in the banking industry, the researcher observed that some problems faced by these banks are; inefficient planning, fraud, errors, irregular functioning of telecommunication facilities etc, and recommend that;

Proper awareness and orientation should be made with regards to illiterate bank customers who are still novice to computer innovations.

The computer department should be manned by people of good integrity and sound knowledge of computer to reduce fraud in the banks.

There should be adequate power supply to fasten and improve operation and also reduce cost of running bank services.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page – – – – – – – – – – i

Approval Page- – – – – – – – – – ii

Dedication- – – – – – – – – – iii

Acknowledgement- – – – – – – – – iv

Abstract- – – – – – – – – – – vii

Table of Content- – – – – – – – – viii

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction- – – – – – – – – 1

1.1 General Overview- – – – – – – – 1

1.2 Statement of Problems- – – – – – 4

1.3 Objectives of the Study- – – – – – – 5

1.4 Significance of the Study- – – – – – – 5

1.5 Research Questions- – – – – – – – 5

1.6 Scope of the Study- – – – – – – – 7

1.7 Limitations of the study- – – – – – – 8

1.8 Definition of Terms- – – – – – – – 9

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review- – – – – – – – 11

2.1 Background of the study- – – – – – – 11

2.2 Evolution of Computer Technology- – – – – 16

2.2.1 Definition of Computer- – – – – – – 18

2.2.2 Types of Computer- – – – – – – – 19

2.3 Evolution and Development of Nigerian Banking System- 20

2.4 Future of Computer in Nigeria Banking System- – 23

2.5 Problems Associated with the use of Computer- – 25

2.6 Computer Related Fraud in the Banking Industry- – 26

2.6.1 What is Computer fraud – – – – – – – 27

2.6.2 Forms of Computer Fraud – – – – – – 28

2.7 Impact of Computer in Nigeria Banking Operation – – 30

2.8 Summary of the Chapter- – – – – – – 35

References- – – – – – – – – 36

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Research Methodology- – – – – – – 37

3.1 Research Design- – – – – – – – 37

3.2 Sources of Data- – – – – – – – 38

3.3 Method of data Collection- – – – – – 39

3.4 Population Size- – – – – – – – 40

3.5 Sample size- – – – – – – – – 40

3.6 Techniques for Data Analysis- – – – – – 40

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Data presentation and Analysis- – – – – 42

4.1 Data presentation- – – – – – – – 42

4.2 Data Analysis- – – – – – – – – 43

4.3 Analysis of Hypothesis- – – – – – – 51

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations- – – 57

5.1 Summary of findings- – – – – – – 57

5.2 Conclusion- – – – – – – – – 60

5.3 Recommendation- – – – – – – – 61

Bibliography- – – – – – – – – – 63

Appendices – – – – – – – – – – 66

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

In advanced economies, technology has played a key role since 1960’s. The role of computer in financial world and other spheres of life cannot be over-emphasized or, be over-looked and this has made it inevitable as the whole world has been turned into a global village. But in developing countries on the other hand, technology has relatively been poorly deployed in customer services.

Nevertheless, bank even in the strategic role of technology driven services, played in the efficient and cost effective service delivery. Investments in innovative banking technology worldwide have therefore grown exponentially in past decade.

In Nigeria, deregulation of the baking industry in 1986 saw banks deploying technology as the chief competitive weapon to achieve significant market shares in the crowded banking industries (Aduba, 1997). This brings a good decision on the other hand leads to effective performance of managerial functions which should in turn lead to the attainment of the organization’s goal. The vital ingredients for effective information apart from accuracy must also include uniformity, timeliness, reliability, clearness and must be promptly transmitted to the recipient and same time must be relevant to the area of specification.

Therefore, this presentation reviews the enabling environment for technology driven bank services in making effective planning, organization and implementation of the policies of the organization. Introduction of computer networks similarly created a new banking culture that granted customer flexibility in services delivery through wider choice of transaction outlet give bank’s networks of branches.

Electronic banking system was an innovation into the banking industry. It was introduces to ease the problem of;

Casting delay in transaction

Clearing

Transfer of fund

Accuracy in information from one location to the other

It can be seen that before the introduction of computer in the banking industry, a lot of problems were faced in processing transaction in various sections of the bank, but with computerization, all these problems have been reduced or eased off. The system has been embraced worldwide because it is easier and convenient for both the sender and receiver. This has made banks like Zenith Bank, Intercontinental Bank, Diamond Bank joined suit with First Bank Nigeria Plc in giving Western Union Money Transfer services to people within Nigeria.

Computerization or electronic banking has even helped in introducing electronic cards known as pay cards (Credit and Debit Cards). This was introduced to avoid the risk of carrying cash around. This electronic card is loaded with any amount in alternative to physical cash with ease. The electronic pay card has gone a long way in its establishment because people now prefer it to holding physical cash. Infact computer has come to stay and has become a vital part in our society because it has the capacity of extending men’s power to perform mental tasks and provide imagination services.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Before the introduction of computer in banking operation, the banking industry was faced with a lot of problems that made some people to lost interest and confidence in them (banks). These problems are as follows;

Delay in responses and services delivery time

Improper handling, storing and keeping of date and records

Inaccuracy/errors in data entries and interests computations.

Transmission of fund from one place to another.

Cash holding movement

Delays in clearing cheque

Poor monitoring of accounts leading to fraud

In order to eradicate or minimize all these problems, and foster confidence in banking industry, computerization was introduced to overcome all these problems and build confidence back into the industry and the people. (Anderson, 1979)

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