Waste Water Treatment in Chemical Industries: The Concept and Current Technologies

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Waste Water Treatment in Chemical Industries: The Concept and Current Technologies

Abstract

The world’s chemical industries face formidable environmental regulatory challenges in treating their wastewater effluents. The present work aims at highlighting the various industrial wastewater treatment technologies currently available including physico-chemical and biological processes as well as constructed wetland and conventional or advanced oxidation processes. Activated carbon prepared from low cost material, Agricultural by-product materials or modified natural polymers, which is considerably efficient for removal of direct dyes from wastewater, is also discussed. Combinations of anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes are found to be efficient in the removal of soluble biodegradable organic pollutants. The use of membrane in final stage of industrial wastewater treatments is increasing. The chemical oxidation techniques to treat wastewater, classical chemical treatment and advanced

ATTENTION:

BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!

INFORMATION:

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The Effect Of Temperature and Time on Hydrolisis of Palm

Oil Empty Fruit Bunch and Its Enzymatically Biodegradation for Xylose Production

Abstract

The acid hydrolysis and the heating of lignocellulosic waste from palm oil mills have caused irreversible damage to the natural environment and can create inhibitor compounds on hydrolysis, making the waste improper for fermentation media. In this study, an environmentally save hydrolysis was tested by heating it under high temperature which followed by enzymatic degradation. The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal reaction temperature and reaction time of hydrolysis for the production of xylose. Under the temperatures of 128 and 200°C with reactions time of 30, 45, and 60 min, the best result of hydrolysates were taken. Its hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, water content (raw material), residual hemicellulose, reducing sugars, water content (hydrolysate) and xylose were analyzed. The results showed that the higher the temperature had resulted in the more reduction of sugar hydrolysis and the hemicellulose in the solid residue was slightly removed. Hydrolysis at the temperature of 200°C for 45 min had indicated a reduction of sugar yield of 17.71% (db). Biodegradation in enzymatic hydrolysis of xylose had increased by 113.79% at 24 -1.24 g xylose / 100 ml.

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